A series of short, nearly parallel lines used in map making to represent a sloping surface. Representing a depression or pit, the contour line is joined forming a circle with the hachures on the inside of the circle.

A low place in the ground having no outlet for surface drainage.

A map that shows the positions of features, and also represents their vertical position in a measurable form.

An area of land one mile square and containing 640 acres, more or less, which is one of 36 parts of a township.

A scale that expresses the ratio of the map distance to the ground distance in 'SAME' units of measurements. It is usually written as a fraction or ratio.

An imaginary line on the ground running north-south which is accurately laid out to serve as the reference meridian in land surveys.

A map that shows the positions of features without showing the elevations of all hills and valleys of the land. It can include rivers, lakes, roads, boundaries, or other human-made symbolic features.

A pace is defined as the average length of two natural steps (a count is made each time the same foot touches the ground).

Indicates the ratio or proportion of the horizontal distance on the map to the corresponding horizontal distance on the ground.

A line drawing, to some scale, of an area of the earth's surface. It shows objects and features by conventional signs.