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PMS 437

Crown Fire References

Alexander, M. E., Help with making crown fire hazard assessments, Canadian Forest Service Publications, 1988.

Anderson, H. E., Aids to determining fuel models for estimating fire behavior, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1982.

Andrews, Patricia L., Heinsch, Faith Ann, Schelvan, Luke, How to generate and interpret fire characteristics charts for surface and crown fire behavior, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2011.

Bishop, Jim, Technical background of the FireLine Assessment MEthod (FLAME),  U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2007.

Cruz, M.G. and M.E. Alexander, Assessing crown fire potential in coniferous forests of western North America: a critique of current approaches and recent simulation studies, International Journal of Wildland Fire, 2010.

Scott, Joe H., Comparison of crown fire modeling systems used in three fire management applications, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2006.

Scott, Joe H.; Reinhardt, Elizabeth D.,  Assessing crown fire potential by linking models of surface and crown fire behavior, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2001.

Rothermel, Richard C., How to predict the spread and intensity of forest and range fires, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1983.

Rothermel, Richard C., Predicting behavior and size of crown fires in the northern Rocky Mountains, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, 1991.

Van Wagner, C. E., Conditions for the start and spread of crown fire. Can. J. For. Res., 1997.

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NWCG is excited to announce that Quarter Three materials for the 2025/2026 Wildland Fire Leadership Campaign are now available. This annual initiative offers all students of leadership and wildland fire management an opportunity to engage with essential leadership skills and knowledge needed to lead effectively in dynamic environments.

Quarter Three materials focus on Leadership Level 3: Leader of People (Develop Intent). Leadership Level 3 is where your values, your team, and your influence come together. Leaders of People put their teams first, build trust, and lead with authenticity. They mentor future leaders and shape decisions up and down the chain.

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2025/2026 NWCG Leadership Campaign - Leadership Levels

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WFSTAR 2026 Core Components Module Package and 2025 Fire Year in Review Now Available

Date:  March 23, 2026
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Please contact: Joe Schindel

The 2026 Core Components Module Package for RT-130, Wildland Fire Safety Training Annual Refresher (WFSTAR) and the 2025 Fire Year in Review are now available on the NWCG website. The 2026 Core Components Module Package provides all content needed to deliver RT-130.

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2026 Core Components Module Package

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NEW! S-490, Advanced Fire Behavior Calculations (Blended) Available Now

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NWCG is pleased to announce that the new S-490, Advanced Fire Behavior Calculations (Blended), 2026 course is now available.

This training includes performance-based activities that allow students to apply the knowledge and concepts required for the Fire Behavior Analyst (FBAN), Long Term Fire Analyst (LTAN), and Prescribed Fire Burn Boss Type 1 (RXB1) positions. It supports individuals working towards these incident qualifications.

This blended course begins with a self-paced online training (OLT) in the Wildland Fire Learning Portal (WFLP), followed by an in-person instructor-led training (ILT).

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S-490, Advanced Fire Calculations (Blended)

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2024 Paul Gleason Award Winners Announced

Date:  March 13, 2026
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The NWCG Leadership Committee is proud to announce the recipients of the 2024 Paul Gleason "Lead By Example" awards. Award categories include Initiative and Innovation, Mentoring and Teamwork, Motivation and Vision, as well as a Lifetime Achievement Award.

Congratulations to the awardees:

  • Justin Baxter, National Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) Operations Specialist, with the U.S. Forest Service — Initiative and Innovation
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Paul Gleason Lead By Example Award

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